Wikipedia

2025 papal conclave

A papal conclave was held on 7 and 8 May 2025 to elect a new pope to succeed Francis, who had died on 21 April 2025.[1][2] Of the 135 eligible cardinal electors, all but two attended. On the fourth ballot, the conclave elected Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, the prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America. After accepting his election, he took the name Leo XIV.[3]

Papal conclave
May 2025
Dates and location
7–8 May 2025
Sistine Chapel, Apostolic Palace,
Vatican City
Key officials
DeanGiovanni Battista Re
Sub-deanLeonardo Sandri
CamerlengoKevin Farrell
ProtopriestMichael Michai Kitbunchu
ProtodeaconDominique Mamberti
SecretaryIlson de Jesus Montanari
Election
Electors133 (list)
CandidatesSee papabili
Ballots4
Elected pope
Robert Francis Prevost
Name taken: Leo XIV
← 2013

Papal election process

As in the 2013 papal conclave, the dean and vice-dean of the College of Cardinals were both over 80 and ineligible to participate. The most senior cardinal bishop under 80, Pietro Parolin, presided over the conclave.[4]

Timing and procedures

According to John Paul II's 1996 apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, as modified by Benedict XVI's 2013 motu proprio Normas nonnullas, the cardinals had at least 15 days after the See became vacant to convene. The cardinals had the discretion to start the conclave earlier or up to 20 days after the pope's cathedra becomes vacant.[5] On 28 April 2025, the fifth general congregation of the cardinals set the conclave to begin on 7 May 2025.[6][7]

Cardinal electors

Main article: Cardinal electors in the 2025 papal conclave
Cardinal electors by region
Region Number
  Italy
 17
  Rest of Europe
 35
  North America
 20
  South America
 17
  Asia
 23
  Oceania
 4
  Africa
 17
Total 133

Cardinals aged 80 years or older before the day the papacy fell vacant are ineligible to participate. On 21 April 2025, there were 252 cardinals, of whom 135 were under 80 and eligible to participate; 108 (80%) of the potential electors were appointed as cardinals by Francis.[8][9]

Since the 1975 promulgation of Romano Pontifici eligendo and Universi Dominici gregis, the maximum number of cardinal electors had been set at 120. The 2025 conclave was the first conclave where this number was exceeded on the day the papacy became vacant.[10][a] Any cardinal under the age of 80 not having renounced or lost his voting rights has the right to vote in a conclave by canon law. A pope appointing more than 120 eligible cardinal electors, as Pope Francis did, effectively renders the 1975 limit inapplicable.[10][11] On 30 April 2025, the general congregation of cardinals confirmed that all cardinal electors present for the conclave beginning on 7 May could vote.[12] Ineligible cardinals could nevertheless attend the general congregations and participate in discussions preceding the conclave.[13]

Although the conclave cardinals have the authority to elect any Catholic male who has been baptized, the last time a non-cardinal was elected was at the 1378 papal conclave.[14]

Non-participating

After saying he would try to participate in the conclave,[15] Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu, who had renounced his rights as a cardinal due to financial scandal,[16] said he would abide by Pope Francis's wish that he would not participate.[17]

Health problems prevented cardinals Antonio Cañizares Llovera of Spain and John Njue of Kenya from participating in the conclave,[18] reducing the number of participants to 133; as such, 89 votes were needed to obtain the required two-thirds supermajority. This was the largest number of electors ever to participate in a conclave.[19]

Speculation

Francis' hospitalization in February and March 2025 fueled speculation about an impending conclave.[20]

Due to the major international expansion of the membership of the College of Cardinals under Pope Francis to 252, with over 140 non-European cardinals being appointed during his pontificate, both the BBC and Time had suggested a non-European pope to be likely.[21][22] The 2025 conclave was initially planned to have 135 electors from 71 countries, while the 2013 conclave had 115 electors from 48 countries, and the 2005 conclave had 115 electors from 52 countries. Some of the participating cardinals did not speak Italian, the working language of the Roman Curia.[23]

Following the Italian saying "fat pope, thin pope", some commentators predicted that Francis's successor would be more conservative.[22][24][25] According to The Pillar, as of the third and fourth general congregations there was a desire among the cardinals for a "ten-year pope": someone in his late seventies with experience in the Roman Curia who would be more focused on internal affairs, thereby giving the church time to digest Francis's papacy.[26] The Wall Street Journal posited a younger pope as more likely.[27]

As of 5 May, given the complexities and heterogeneity of this conclave[28] compared to the one that elected Pope Francis in two days in 2013,[29] Cardinal Rainer Woelki expected the 2025 conclave to take longer;[29] the Cardinals Louis Sako[30] and Gregorio Rosa Chávez anticipated a short conclave of two or three days,[31] with the latter remarking "maximum three days".[32][33]

Papabili

Main article: Papabili

By a wide variety of criteria, papal election observers considered some cardinals to be more likely to become pope than others – these are the papabili, the plural for papabile, an Italian word loosely translated as 'pope-able'. However, conclaves have not always chosen one of the papabili. Prior to his election, in October 1978, John Paul II was not considered to be in the running.[34] This is reflected in the saying "He who enters the conclave as pope, leaves it as a cardinal,"[35] although, in reality, the frontrunner is often elected pope, as was the case in 1939 (Pius XII), 1963 (Paul VI), and 2005 (Benedict XVI).[36] Vaticanologist Professor Anna Rowlands suggested that attempts to predict the conclave's outcome were based in "pure speculation".[37] Media worldwide released papabili analyses on the day of Pope Francis's death.[34][38]

Papabili mentioned in the media included Anders Arborelius, Jean-Marc Aveline, Fridolin Ambongo Besungu, Péter Erdő, Mario Grech, Pietro Parolin, Pierbattista Pizzaballa, Robert Sarah, Luis Antonio Tagle, Peter Turkson, and Matteo Zuppi.[39] Prevost, the eventual winner, was also speculated on as papabile, notably by the New York Times, but most outlets discounted him due to the taboo of electing a pope from the United States.[40]

Betting

Further information: Gambling on papal conclaves

Betting on papal conclaves has a long history, and several Internet gambling companies offered markets on the 2025 conclave. Before the announcement of the conclave itself, prediction markets were using market mechanisms to calculate both who might be in the running and their putative rankings.[27] The betting market reflects a widespread cultural fascination with the papacy.[41][42][43]

Fantapapa (Italian for 'Fantasy Pope') is a fantasy league based in Italy for betting nominal sums on papal conclaves. Established by anti-gambling advocates Pietro Pace and Mauro Vanetti specifically for the 2025 conclave,[44] the sole payout is "eternal glory". By 5 May 2025, it had 75,000 players in Italy, where no licensed platform offers gambling on conclaves.[45] Fantapapa players choose from and rank eleven cardinals; other aspects of the conclave, such as the papal name, language, number of rounds, and the day on which white smoke appears, are also available to bet on. Players gain points in accordance to their team members being "mentioned prominently" in domestic and international media coverage. In part educational, with the intent of demystifying the conclave to some degree, the fantasy league is to open to punters internationally and offers mini-lessons in the Italian language.[46]

Pre-conclave events

Logistical preparations

 
Cardinals participating in a conclave stay at the Domus Sanctae Marthae.

Following the death of Pope Francis, preparations began at Domus Sanctae Marthae for housing the cardinal electors. These included setting up barriers or opaque film at the windows to prevent outside contact and the construction of spaces for the celebration of the Sacrament of Penance, private prayer, and meals.[47][48][49] Signal jammers were used to isolate the electors from Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and mobile networks.[49][50][51] Because the building has only 129 bedrooms, it was necessary to provide accommodations for the 133 electors and support personnel[52][53][54][48] at Santa Marta Vecchia, next door to the main dormitory.[55][56][57]

In the Sistine Chapel, preparations included the addition of tables and chairs in the manner of choir stalls and the covering of windows; the ballot-burning stove and the chimney, which together serve to signal the results to the outside world, were installed[58][59][60] as was a temporary wooden floor which served to protect the marble inlay, provide a more level surface, and hide electronic signal jammers.[60][61] Both the Domus Sanctae Marthae and the Sistine Chapel were thoroughly inspected in advance of the conclave for any unauthorized devices.[49] On 2 May, Vatican firefighters installed the chimney for the Sistine Chapel.[62]

The Vatican Gendarmerie, under the leadership of Gianluca Gauzzi Broccoletti, faced many counter-espionage challenges in protecting conclave integrity.[51][23][49] The Corps of Gendarmerie used the 650 security cameras in the Vatican, encrypted messaging, and endpoint detection and response to secure the conclave.[51]

Meals for the 2025 conclave featured simple dishes typical of Lazio and of Abruzzo, the regions of Italy nearest the Vatican.[63]

General congregations

 
Map of the major venues of the conclave

Catholic canon law anticipates that general congregations, which are daily meetings of all cardinals regardless of elector status, will begin before all of the cardinals elector arrive in Rome. The initial meetings are focused on the logistics of the papal funeral and the conclave, including physical preparations at the Domus Sanctae Marthae (as a dormitory) and the Sistine Chapel (as a polling place).[64] Later ones, typically the eighth and following, shift to discussions about the needs of the church and the world, and the issues facing the Roman Curia.[65][66][67] These later general congregations are guided by the reflections given by two "distinguished and morally authoritative" clerics who are selected by the cardinals.[64] The cardinals are also given the opportunity to make formal remarks regarding the issues facing the church.[68] All of these speeches and discussions are termed interventi (interventions) in Italian.[69] The general congregations meet in the New Synod Hall, on the first floor of the vestibule of the much larger Paul VI Audience Hall, located behind the Palace of the Holy Office, east of the Domus Sanctae Marthae.[70][71][72]

More broadly, these general congregations allow the cardinals to meet on their own initiative, thereby getting to know each other and exercise their spiritual discernment; many had never met, as Francis did not hold meetings of cardinals before his papal consistories.[73][74][75][a] Furthermore, the cardinals also have full access to global media and its diverse analyses and criteria for identifying the papabile.[76] Prior to leaving for Rome on 24 April, Cardinal Pablo Virgilio David stressed that a conclave is not a political campaign, but a religious retreat. He also emphasized that it is a duty of the College of Cardinals to discern each other via prayer, personal letters, and even research on a website with biographical and other information set up for that purpose;[77] it is not a matter of candidates.[78] Both the formal and informal discussions are expected to be very substantive in preparation for, and in the hope for, a speedy conclave.[79][80] The discussions held at cardinals' own initiative—pratiche, or 'exercises'—are the most frank and candid.[81] By canon law, the congregations are bound to the same secrecy as the conclave.[82]

For the 2025 conclave, the general congregations met every day following Francis's death until the beginning of the conclave proper on 7 May, excluding 26 and 27 April and 1 and 4 May.[58][83]

Daily summary

On 22 April, members of the papal staff and household were asked to vacate their rooms at the Domus Sanctæ Marthae following the death of Pope Francis in his suite on the second floor to allow for conclave preparations in that building to begin.[47] The same day, the first of twelve general congregations were held. At the first congregation, the approximately sixty cardinals present listened to Cardinal Camerlengo Kevin Farrell read the will and testament of Pope Francis. The canonization of Carlo Acutis, originally scheduled to take place in Rome on 27 April, was suspended, and the cardinals confirmed the date for the papal funeral. This meeting also dealt with the logistics of the funeral.[84][85] The attending cardinals also took the oath of secrecy concerning their meetings.[86] Despite the fact that general congregations are closed to non-cardinals, Sister Simona Brambilla, a religious sister and the first woman to head a Vatican department, was accidentally sent a standard email inviting her to participate.[87]

On 23 April, the Vatican Museums announced the closure of the Sistine Chapel beginning on 28 April, due to the needs of the conclave.[88][89] At the second congregation, the program for the novemdiales, or nine-day period of mourning for the deceased pope, was approved.[90] Norberto Rivera Carrera stated that the discussions were mostly procedural in nature, as many cardinals from around the world were still traveling.[91]

 
Cardinals and bishops in the New Synod Hall (pictured in 2014), one of the venues for the general congregations before the conclave

The third congregation on 24 April, with 113 cardinals present, saw the appointment of the two conclave preachers, Donato Ogliari and Cardinal Raniero Cantalamessa.[92][93] At the fourth general congregation on 25 April, the 149 cardinals in attendance listened to a presentation on the funeral rite for Pope Francis.[94] By this time nearly 70 formal speeches, or "interventions", had been given.[95] There was also discussion concerning the status of Giovanni Angelo Becciu as a cardinal elector among the participants, which continued in the following congregations until his 29 April acceptance of his non-elector status.[75]

The fifth general congregation on 28 April decided that the conclave would begin on 7 May, 16 days after Pope Francis's death.[6][96] This meeting also discussed the clerical sexual abuse crisis, challenges in evangelization, and interfaith relationships. Twenty cardinals delivered interventions.[58] Conservative cardinals, such as Gerhard Müller and Francis Arinze (not an elector), were particularly vocal during this session.[97][98]

The next day, at the sixth congregation on 29 April, the start time for the conclave was set at 4:30 p.m., and Cardinal Re was chosen as the celebrant for the opening Mass for the conclave.[99] Donato Ogliari gave his scheduled reflection to the 183 cardinals present, 124 of them being electors, and emphasized the theme of synodality from the Francis papacy.[97][99][100]

The seventh congregation on 30 April featured a discussion of the Vatican's financial issues by the 180 cardinals present, 124 of whom were electors.[101][102] Rainer Woelki stated that the meetings thus far had been "fraternal and cordial [...] a very concentrated, calm, factual working atmosphere."[29] Beniamino Stella made a very strongly-worded critique of Francis's decision to allow lay persons to exercise powers of church governance formerly reserved to clergy. This surprised many cardinals, as Stella was viewed as one of Francis's most trusted advisors and a prominent supporter of Parolin.[103][104][105]

The general congregation did not meet on 1 May, the feast of Saint Joseph the Worker, a public holiday for the Holy See and an ecclesiasical counterpart to the secular International Workers' Day observed on the same day.[58][83] At the ninth congregation on 2 May 177 cardinals were present, of whom 127 were electors. Twenty-six cardinals spoke. Among the subjects discussed were communion within the church and fraternity with the world, the hope that the next pope would be prophetic, and this year's Jubilee.[106] The tenth and eleventh congregations were both held on 5 May and discussed a wide range of church topics.[107][108] On 6 May, the twelfth and final congregation of the College of Cardinals took place.[109] This congregation marked the death of Pope Francis with the destruction of his fisherman's ring and lead seal. It was the first time either ritual was digitally recorded and made visible to the public.[109]

Conclave

 
The doors leading to the Sistine Chapel (pictured in 2014) were shut at 5:46 p.m. on 7 May

Day one

On 7 May, the conclave began. It was preceded by Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, the dean of the College of Cardinals, celebrating the Mass pro eligendo Pontifice (lit. 'for the election of the Pontiff') in St. Peter's Basilica at 10 a.m. CEST (08:00 UTC).[110] All support staff, such as sacristans, medical staff, elevator operators, and the director of security services for the Vatican, along with officers and officials of the conclave, took their oath of secrecy on 5 May.[56][111][112]

At 4:30 p.m., the conclave officially began with a prayer service in the Pauline Chapel, at the end of which the electors entered the Sistine Chapel in procession. Once there, the hymn Veni Creator Spiritus ("Come, Creator Spirit") was sung and the 133 voting cardinals then swore themselves to secrecy.[61][99][113][114] Each cardinal elector in order of seniority placed his hands on a book of the Gospels and made the affirmation aloud in Latin:

While making the oath, several cardinals used the Latin forms of their names.[115] Diego Ravelli, the papal master of ceremonies, then called out the words "Extra omnes", a command for everyone who is not a cardinal elector to leave the chamber.[115] He then shut the entrance to the Sistine Chapel at 5:46 p.m.[113][115] Cardinal Raniero Cantalamessa then offered a reflection to the cardinals following their procession into the conclave.[116] Because the conclave began in the afternoon, only a single ballot was held on this day.[6] The Wall Street Journal reported that Parolin, the frontrunner, received more than 40 votes on the first ballot, while the rest of the field was considerably split.[117]

The first day of the conclave ended at 9:00 p.m., after black smoke emerged from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel signifying that the vote did not result in the election of a new pope.[115] Vatican Media reported that up to 45,000 people gathered in St. Peter's Square.[118]

Day two

The second day of the conclave began with two ballots, concluding at approximately 10:30 a.m. and 11:45 a.m., respectively.[119] Black smoke appeared at 11:51 a.m., again signifying that no pope had been elected. Smoke is not necessarily produced after each ballot, as ballot cards from the two unsuccessful votes in a morning session or an afternoon session are usually burned together,[120] producing smoke only at the end of each session.[120][121][122] According to the Italian daily Il Giornale, Cardinal Pietro Parolin received 40 to 50 votes but failed to gain support from African and Asian cardinals; Pope Francis's strongest supporters were divided between Cardinals Jean-Marc Aveline and Mario Grech; and Cardinal Timothy Dolan played the role of a kingmaker in successfully securing support for Cardinal Prevost, highlighting his cross-cultural appeal.[123] The Wall Street Journal adds that Parolin could not break out of the 40s, while the rest of the vote consolidated behind Prevost.[117] The cardinals then returned to the Domus Sanctae Marthae for lunch, where, according to the Wall Street Journal, the breadth of support for Prevost became clearer.[117][124]

By the end of the morning session, there were 15,000 people in St. Peter's Square and 5,000 people at the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. More were expected during the afternoon session, since in the two most recent conclaves a new pope had been elected either on the fourth or fifth ballot.[125]

 
The façade of St. Peter's Basilica upon Leo XIV's first appearance

After the lunch recess, the cardinals returned to the Sistine Chapel for the next round of votes.[124] Prevost was seated in the same place as the future Pope Francis had been at the 2013 conclave, according to Dolan. The Wall Street Journal later reported that Prevost received more than 100 votes on the fourth ballot, more than the ⅔ majority of 89 required, and was thus elected.[117] Parolin, as the most senior cardinal in the conclave, asked Prevost if he accepted and what his regnal name would be.[117]

After the fourth round of voting, white smoke appeared at 6:07 p.m., followed by the ringing of the bells of St. Peter's Basilica to signify the election of a new pope.[3][126][127] Shortly thereafter, the Swiss Guard and members of the Italian Armed Forces, along with the bands of the Gendarmerie Corps of Vatican City State and the Carabinieri, paraded through St. Peter's Square and took up formation beneath the central loggia of St. Peter's Basilica.[128] From there, Cardinal Protodeacon Dominique Mamberti announced that Robert Francis Prevost was Pope,[129] choosing the name Leo XIV.[128] After he had accepted his election as pope, the cardinals applauded and he embraced them as soon as he exited the Sistine Chapel, whereupon[130] the Vatican website was changed to say "Habemus papam".[131] The newly elected pope stepped onto the balcony shortly after the official announcement of his election and greeted the faithful of Saint Peter's Square and the world with Urbi et Orbi and a message in Italian and Spanish.[132]

Immediately after the appearance of white smoke, 40,000 were present in St. Peter's Square;[133] according to Italian law enforcement, by the time of the announcement of the "Habemus papam", there were up to 150,000 in the square.[134]

Post-conclave events

Leo announced that his first post-conclave major public event would be a celebration of Mass with the cardinals on 9 May at 11 a.m. in the Sistine Chapel. He also announced that his first Angelus will be on 11 May, delivered from the window of the Vatican's Apostolic Palace.[135]

Reactions

Various national leaders voiced their congratulations and comments regarding the election of the new pope.

  •   Australia – Prime Minister Anthony Albanese wrote on social media, "My heartfelt congratulations to Pope Leo XIV on his election", calling it a "moment of joy", before asking for God's blessing.[136]
  •   China – Foreign ministry spokesperson Lin Jian issued congratulations on the election of Pope Leo XIV. He also stated that "under the leadership of the new pope, the Vatican will continue to have dialogue with China in a constructive spirit, have in-depth communication on international issues of mutual interest, jointly advance the continuous improvement of the China-Vatican relations and make contributions to world peace, stability, development and prosperity."[137] Two government-affiliated Catholic groups, the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association and the Bishops' Conference of Catholic Church in China, also congratulated the new Pope on his election.[138]
  •   Colombia – President Gustavo Petro stated that he hopes that Pope Leo XIV would become a great leader for people with migrant backgrounds around the world, encouraging Colombia's Latin American migrant brothers and sisters, that according to him faced humiliation in the United States under the current government.[139]
  •   France – President Emmanuel Macron congratulated the new Pope with a message that went as followed: "To Pope Leo XIV, and to all Catholics in France and around the world, I extend a message of fraternity."[139]
  •   Germany – Chancellor Friedrich Merz congratulated the newly elected Pope, saying that through his role, he would provide "hope and guidance to millions of believers around the world in these challenging times"..[139]
  •   Greece – Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis gave his congratulations online, highlighting the importance of the new Pope's leadership during "a time when the world faces profound challenges".[140]
  •   India – Prime Minister Narendra Modi offered his "sincere felicitations and best wishes" for the new head of the Catholic Church via a tweet.[141][142]
  •   Indonesia – President Prabowo Subianto via Minister of the State Secretariat Prasetyo Hadi congratulated the newly elected Pope, adding that the president himself would soon issue an official statement.[143]
  •   Ireland – President Michael D. Higgins said, "I send Pope Leo my very best wishes as he begins his pontificate, and I welcome his statement that he is prepared to lead with compassion."[144]
  •   Israel – President Isaac Herzog stated that Israel would "look forward to enhancing the relationship between Israel and the Holy See, and strengthening the friendship between Jews and Christians in the Holy Land and around the world",[139] hinting towards a desire to strengthen ties following the previous Pope's pro-Palestinian attitude.[145][146]
  •   Italy – Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni stated that "in a time marked by conflict and unrest, his words from the Loggia of Benedictions are a powerful call to peace, brotherhood and responsibility".[139]
  •   Lebanon – President Joseph Aoun congratulated the newly-elected pope and stated that he hoped the new pontiff would "strengthen dialogue between religions and cultures".[147]
  •   Malaysia – Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim called the election of Pope Leo XIV "a historic occasion" and expressed confidence that it would bring renewed purpose and inspiration to the global Catholic community. He also emphasised Malaysia's valued relationship with the Holy See, highlighting hopes for continued engagement rooted in mutual respect, dialogue and a shared commitment to peace and human dignity.[148]
  •   Mexico – President Claudia Sheinbaum praised Pope Leo's values "in favor of world peace and prosperity".[139]
  •   Morocco – King Mohammed VI congratulated Pope Leo, highlighting relations between the Holy See and Morocco, which he said were "united by an unwavering commitment to peace and the principles of living together".[149]
  •   Peru – President Dina Boluarte wrote on social media that Pope Leo XIV's election was a day of "pride and hope" for the nation of Peru, which for more than 20 years was "his home, his mission and his faith".[150]
  •   Philippines – President Bongbong Marcos congratulated the newly elected Pope, adding that he "prayed that [the Pope] will continue to bring the Church closer to the poor and disadvantaged".[151]
  •   Poland – President Andrzej Duda asked the Pope to "accept the assurance of the readiness of the Republic of Poland to further strengthen" its "unique bonds—in the name of shared values, responsibility for the common good and the strengthening of peace in the world".[139]
  •   Russia – President Vladimir Putin stated that he was "confident that the constructive dialogue and cooperation established between Russia and the Vatican" would "continue to develop on the basis of the Christian values" that unite the two nations.[139] Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow, also congratulated the new Pope, expressing hope for the development of relations between the churches.[152]
  •   Singapore – Prime Minister Lawrence Wong congratulated Pope Leo on Facebook, acknowledging his values as "longstanding relationship with the Holy See and appreciates the Catholic Church's contributions to promoting peace, compassion, and religious harmony in our nation".[153]
  •   Spain – Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez wished that the Pope's pontificate would "contribute to strengthening dialogue and the defence of human rights in a world that needs hope and unity."[139]
  •   South Africa – President Cyril Ramaphosa commented that "Pope Leo XIV's early emphasis on peace is a call that resonates with most of humanity and is one that honours the legacy of the late Pope Francis".[139]
  •   Taiwan – President Lai Ching-te congratulated the new Pope via the foreign ministry. He also tweeted, "We look forward to building on our diplomatic ties with the Holy See, 83 years strong, to advance peace, justice, solidarity & benevolence."[138]
  •   Ukraine – President Volodymyr Zelenskyy stated that "at this decisive moment for Ukraine", the nation hopes for the "continued moral and spiritual support of the Vatican in Ukraine's efforts to restore justice and achieve a lasting peace".[139]
  •   United Kingdom – Prime Minister Keir Starmer highlighted that "the election of Pope Leo XIV is a deeply profound moment of joy for Catholics in the United Kingdom and globally, and begins a new chapter for the leadership of the Church and in the world".[139] Buckingham Palace said that King Charles III had sent "most sincere good wishes for his pontificate".[154]
  •   United States – President Donald Trump posted a message on Truth Social, congratulating Leo XIV for being the first American pope and expressing interest in meeting him soon.[139] He also described the election of an American pope as "a great honor" for the United States.[155][156] Former Presidents Joe Biden (the second Catholic U.S. President), Barack Obama (a fellow Chicagoan), George W. Bush, and Bill Clinton also congratulated the new pope.[157]
  •   Uruguay – President Yamandú Orsi congratulated the election of Leo XIV, highlighting his "chosen" connection with Latin America.[158] Meanwhile, the Ministry of Foreign Relations issued a statement expressing the hope that his pontificate "contributes to world peace and sets an example, spreading goodwill, hope, solidarity, generosity, and social justice".[159]

Notes

  1. ^ a b There have been more than 120 cardinal electors at several other points since 1975, but not at the time of a conclave.

References

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