There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence.[1]: 23 Domesticated for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.
The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering, egg color, and place of origin.[1]: 23 They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose.[1]: 23
In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed standards set down by governing organizations. The first of such standards was the British Poultry Standard, which is still in publication today.[1][2] Other standards include the Standard of Perfection, the Australian Poultry Standard, and the standard of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with bantam fowl.[2] Only some of the known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities.[1]: 23
| Table of contents |
|---|
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By place of origin: Afghanistan • Albania • Australia • Austria • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China • Croatia • Cuba • Czech Republic • Egypt • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Iceland • India • Indonesia • Iran • Italy • Japan • Korea • Kosovo • Malaysia • Myanmar • Netherlands • Norway • Pakistan • Philippines • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • South Africa • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Thailand • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Vietnam |
|
By primary use: Eggs • Meat • Dual-purpose • Exhibition |
By place of origin
editAfghanistan
edit
Albania
editAustralia
editAustria
editBelgium
edit
- Ardennaise or Ardenner[4][5] (both large and bantam)
- Ardenner Bolstaart[3]
- Belgian Bearded d'Anvers, Antwerp Belgian, Barbu d'Anvers or Antwerpse baardkriel[5] (bantam)
- Barbu de Boitsfort or Bosvoordse baardkriel[5] (bantam)
- Barbu de Grubbe or Grubbe baardkriel[5] (bantam)
- Belgian d'Everberg, Barbu d'Everberg or Everbergse baardkriel[5] (bantam)
- Barbu de Watermael or Watermaalse baardkriel[5] (bantam)
- Bearded d'Uccle, Barbu d'Uccle or Ukkelse baardkriel[5] (bantam)
- Bassette Liégeoise[5] (bantam)
- Brabanter, Brabançonne or Brabants hoen[4][5] (large and bantam)
- Braekel or Brakel[4][5] (large and bantam)
- Campine
- Combattant de Bruges or Brugse vechter[4][5] (large and bantam)
- Combattant de Liège or Luikse vechter[4][5] (large and bantam)
- Combattant de Tirlemont or Tiense vechter[4][5] (large and bantam)
- Coucou d'Izegem or Izegemse koekoek[4]
- Coucou des Flandres or Vlaanderse koekoek[4]
- Famennoise or Famennehoen[4][5] (large and bantam)
- Fauve de Hesbaye or Gele van Haspengouw[4]
- Fauve de Mehaigne or Gele van Mehaigne[5] (bantam)
- Herve or Hervehoen[4][5] (large and bantam)
- Huttegem[3]
- Malines or Mechels hoen[4][5] (large and bantam)
- Mechelse kalkoenkop[3]
- Naine belge or Belgische kriel[5] (bantam)
- Naine de Waes or Waasse kriel[5] (bantam)
- Naine du Tournaisis or Doornikse kriel[5] (bantam)
- Pondeuse de Zingem or Zingems leghoen[4]
- Poule d'Aarschot or Aarschots hoen[4]
- Poule de la vallée de la Zwalm or Hoen van de Zwalmvallei[4]
- Poule de Zottegem or Zottegems hoen[4]
- Zingems vleeshoen[3]
Brazil
editBulgaria
edit
Canada
editChile
editChina
edit
- Anyi Grey
- Baicheng You
- Baier Buff
- Baier Yellow
- Bashing Long-tail
- Beijing White
- Beijing You
- Bian
- Bian – Nei-Mong
- Chahua
- Changshun Blue-eggshell
- Chengkou Mountain
- Chongren Partridge
- Dagu
- Daninghe
- Dawei Shan Mini
- Dehua Black
- Dongxiang Green
- Dong'an
- Dulong
- Dwarf Small Buff
- Emei Black
- Erh-Mei
- Fuyun Black
- Guangxi Black-bone
- Guangxi Partridge
- Guangxi Sanhuang
- Guangyuan Gray
- Guping
- Gushi
- Haidong
- Henan Fighting
- Hetian
- Hetian Black
- Hongshan
- Hua-Tung
- Huaibei Partridge
- Huainan Sanhuang
- Huaixiang
- Huanglang
- Huangshan Black
- Huiyang Bearded
- Jiangcun Buff
- Jianghan
- Jiangshan Silkie
- Jingmen Black-feather and Blue-eggshell
- Jingxin Buff
- Jingyang
- Jingyuan
- Jinhu Black-bone
- Jining Bairi
- Jinyang Silkie
- Jiujin Yellow
- Jiuyuan Black
- Kangdar Buff
- Kangle
- Langshan
- Langyu
- Lanping Silkie
- Liangshanya Ying
- Lindian
- Lingkun
- Linnan Buff
- Lintao
- Liyang
- Long-leg
- Longsheng Feng
- Lueyang
- Luning
- Lushi
- Luxi Fighting
- Luyuan
- Macheng Blue-eggshell
- Minqing Booted
- Miyi
- Muchuan Black Silkie
- Nandanyao
- New Langshan
- New Pudong
- New Yangzhou
- Ningdu Sanhuang
- Nixi
- Pengxian Buff
- Piao
- Pudong
- Qiandongnan Xiao Xiang
- Qingyuan Partridge
- Rugao Yellow
- Shanbei
- Shimian Caoke
- Short-leg
- Shouguang
- Shuanglian
- Silkie
- Silkie – Ju-Chi
- Taibai
- Taihang
- Taihu
- Taiwan Country Breed
- Taliu Black-bone
- Taoyuan
- Tengchong Snow
- Theen-Yee
- Tianchang Yellow
- Tibetan
- Turpan
- Wanbei Game
- Weining
- Wenchang
- Wenshang Patterned
- Wuding
- Wuhua
- Wuliangshang Black–bone
- Wumeng Silkie
- Wuwei
- Xiangdong
- Xianju
- Xiaoshan
- Xiayan
- Xichuan Black-bone
- Xinghua
- Xingwen Silkie
- Xinxin Dwarf Buff
- Xinxing Buff
- Xinyang Brown Egg
- Xishuangbanna Fighting
- Xuanzhou
- Xuefeng Black-bone
- Yangshan
- Yanjin Silkie
- Yantai Sankang
- Yugan Silkie
- Yunlong Short-leg
- Yunyang Large
- Yunyang Silkie
- Zhangzhou Fighting
- Zhengyang Sanhuang
- Zhongshan Shalan
- Zhuxiang
Croatia
edit
- Hrvatica (Croatian Hen, Kokoš Hrvatica)[7]
- Međimurska kokoš (Međimurje Chicken, Međimurje Hen)[8]
Cuba
editCyprus
editCzech Republic
editEgypt
edit
Finland
edit
France
edit
- Aquitaine[14]
- Ardeale[3]
- Ardennaise or Sans-queue des Ardennes[14]
- Barbezieux[14]
- Blanzac[3]
- Bourbonnaise[14]
- Bourbourg[14]
- Bresse Gauloise[14]
- Caumont[14]
- Caussade[14]
- Charollaise[14]
- Cocherelle[3]
- Combattant du Nord[14]
- Contres[14]
- Cotentine[14]
- Coucou des Flandres[14]
- Coucou de France[14]
- Coucou de Rennes[14]
- Coucou Picarde[3]
- Coucou Soie[3]
- Cou-nu du Forez[14]
- Courtes-Pattes[14]
- Crèvecœur
- Estaires[14]
- Faverolles clair (light)[14]
- Faverolles foncée (dark, or "German" Faverolles)[14]
- Favoris[3]
- Gasconne[14]
- Gâtinaise[14]
- Gauloise dorée[14]
- Géline de Touraine[14]
- Gournay[14]
- Hergnies[14]
- Houdan[14]
- Ivanaise[3]
- Janzé[14]
- Javanaise[14]
- La Flèche
- Landaise[14]
- Le Mans[14]
- Le Merlerault[14]
- Meusienne[14]
- Limousine (coq de pêche)[14]
- Lyonnaise[14]
- Mantes[14]
- Marans[14]
- Noire du Berry[14]
- Noire de Challans[14]
- Pavilly[14]
- Poule d'Alsace[14]
- Poule de Caux[3]
- Poule de Marquise[3]
- Poule de Saint-Omer[3]
- Poule des Courrières[3]
- Poule des haies, see Ardennaise[3]
- Provençale[3]
Germany
edit.jpg)
Large breeds
edit- Augsburger[15][16]
- Bergische Kräher,[15][16]
- Bergische Schlotterkämme[15][16]
- Bielefelder Kennhuhn[15][16]
- Deutsches Lachshuhn,[15] see Faverolles[16]
- Deutsche Langschan,[15] see German Langshan[16]
- Deutsches Reichshuhn[15][16]
- Deutsche Sperber[15][16]
- Dresdner[15][16]
- German creeper[15][16]
- Hamburger,[15] see Hamburg[16]
- Kraienköppe (Twents hoen)[16]
- Lakenfelder,[15] see Lakenvelder[16]
- Nackthalshühner, see Naked-neck[16]
- Niederrheiner[15][16]
- Ostfriesische Möwen,[15][16] see East Frisian Gull
- Pfälzer Kämpfer[16]
- Phoenix[16]
- Ramelsloher[15][16]
- Rheinländer[15][16]
- Sachsenhuhn[15][16]
- Strupphuhn, see Frizzle[16]
- Sultanhuhn, see Sultan[16]
- Sundheimer[15][16]
- Thüringer Barthuhn[15][16]
- Vogtländer[15][16]
- Vorwerkhuhn,[15] see Vorwerk[16]
- Westfälische Totleger,[15][16] see Westphalian chicken
Bantam breeds
edit- Bergische Zwerg-Kräher[16][17]
- Bergische Zwerg-Schlotterkämme[16][17]
- Bielefelder Zwerg-Kennhühner[16][17]
- Brügger Zwerg-Kämpfer[17]
- Deutsche Zwerghühner[16][17]
- Deutsche Zwerg-Lachshühner,[17] see Faverolle Bantam[16]
- Deutsche Zwerg-Langschan,[17] see German Langshan Bantam[16]
- Deutsche Zwerg-Reichshühner[16][17]
- Deutsche Zwerg-Sperber[16][17]
- Frankfurter Zwerghühner[16][17]
- Ostfriesische Zwerg-Möwen[16][17]
- Ruhlaer Zwerg-Kaulhühner[16][17]
- Siamesisches Zwerg-Seidenhühner[16][17]
- Thüringer Zwerg-Barthühner[16][17]
- Zwerg-Altsteirer[16][17]
- Zwerg-Amrocks[16][17]
- Zwerg-Andalusier,[16][17] see Andalusian[16]
- Zwerg-Araucana,[17] see Rumpless Araucana Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Asil,[16] see Asil Bantam
- Zwerg-Augsburger,[17] see Augsburger Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Australorps,[17] see Australorp Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Barnevelder,[17] see Barnevelder Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Brahma,[17] see Brahmas[16]
- Zwerg-Brakel,[17] see Brakel Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Créve Coeur,[17] see Crevecoeur Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Dominikaner,[17] see Dominique Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Dresdner[16][17]
- Zwerg-Hamburger, see Hamburg Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Italiener,[17] see Leghorn Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Kastilianer[16][17]
- Zwerg-Krüper[16][17]
- Zwerg-La Fléche,[17] see La Fleche Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Lakenfelder,[17] see Lakenfelder Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Minorka,[17] see Minorca Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Nackthalshühner,[17] see Naked-neck bantam
- Zwerg-New Hampshire see New Hampshire Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Niederrheiner[16][17]
- Zwerg-Orloff,[17] see Orloff Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Orpinglon[17] see Orpington Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Phönix,[17] see Phoenix[16]
- Zwerg-Plymouth Rocks,[17] see Plymouth Rock Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Rheinländer[16][17]
- Zwerg-Rhodeländer[16][17]
- Zwerg-Sachsenhühner[16][17]
- Zwerg-Sulmtaler,[17] see Sulmtaler Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Sundheimer[16][17]
- Zwerg-Sussex,[17] see Sussex Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Vorwerkhühner[17] see Vorwerk Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Welsumer[17] see Welsumer Bantam[16]
- Zwerg-Yokohama[17] see Yokohama Bantam[16]
Greece
editIceland
editIndia
edit
- Ankaleshwar[3]
- Aseel[3]
- Busra[3]
- Cari Gold[3]
- Danki[3]
- Daothigir[3]
- Debendra[3]
- Desi Murgi or Nati Kohli[3]
- Dhanraja[3]
- Ghagus[3]
- Giriraja[3]
- Gramalakshmi[3]
- Gramapriya[3]
- Kadaknath[3]
- Kalasthi[3]
- Kalinga Brown[3]
- Kashmir Faverolla[3]
- Krishna-J[3]
- Miri[3]
- Mrityunjay[3]
- Nicobari[3]
- Punjab Brown[3]
- Siru vidai[3]
- Tellicherry[3]
- Vanaraja[3]
- Yamuna[3]
Indonesia
edit
- Ayam Cemani
- Bantam (known as Ayam Kate in Indonesia)
- Bekisar (interspecific hybrid)
- Ketawa
- Sumatra chicken
- Kedu (nationally standardized)
- Sentul (nationally standardized)
- Kokok Balenggek (nationally standardized)
- Pelung (long-crower from West Java, locally standardized)
Iran
edit
- Manx Rumpy (or Rumpless Game)
- Orloff[1][25]: 17
- Black Azerbaijan (or Marandi)
Italy
edit
- Ancona[3]
- Bianca di Saluzzo[26]
- Bionda Piemontese[26]
- Ciuffine Ghigi[26]
- Collo Nudo Italiano[26]
- Ermellinata di Rovigo[26]
- Livorno, see Leghorn[26]
- Mericanel della Brianza[26]
- Millefiori di Lonigo[26]
- Millefiori Piemontese[26]
- Modenese[26]
- Mugellese[26]
- Padovana[3][26]
- Padovana Riccia[26]
- Pepoi[26]
- Polverara[3][26]
- Robusta Lionata[26]
- Robusta Maculata[26]
- Romagnola[26]
- Siciliana[26]
- Sicilian Buttercup
- Valdarno[3][26]
- Valdarnese[26]
Japan
edit- Daigiri-Shamo[27]
- Echigo-Nankin-Shamo[27]
- Ehime-Jidori[27]
- Ekoku[28]
- Gan-Dori[27] or Gankei[28]
- Gifu-Jidori[27][28]
- Hinai-Dori[27][28]
- Hiroshima-Tsuuji[27]
- Ingie[27] or Ingii-Dori[28]
- Ise-Jidori[28]
- Iwate-Jidori[27][28]
- Izumo[27]
- Japanese Bantam or Chabo[27]
- Jisuri[27]
- Jitokko[27][28]
- Kawachi-Yakko[27][28]
- Kinpa[27] or Kinpachi-Dori[28]
- Koeyoshi[27][28]
- Ko-Shamo[27][28]
- Kumamoto[27] or Kumamotoshu[28]
- Kureko-Dori[27][28]
- Kuro-Kashiwa[27][28]
- Mie-Jidori[27]
- Mikawa[27] or Mikawashu[28]
- Minohiki[27] or Minohiki-Dori[28]
- Miyaji-Dori[27][28]
- Nagoya[27] or Nagoyashu[28]
- Nankin-Shamo[27][28]
- Ohiki[27]
- Oh-Shamo[27][28]
- Okinawa-Hige-Jidori[27][28]
- Onagadori[28] or Tosa-Onagadori[27]
- Sado-Hige-Jidori[27][28]
- Satsumadori[27][28]
- Shibattori[27] or Shiba-Dori[28]
- Shoukoku[27] or Oguni-Dori[28]
- Tokara-Jidori[27]
- Tokuji-Jidori[27]
- Tomaru[27][28]
- Tosa-Kojidori[27]
- Tosa-Kukin[27] or Tosa-Cochin[28]
- Tosa-Jidori[28]
- Totenko[27] or Totenko-Dori[28]
- Tsushima-Jidori[27][28]
- Ukokkei[27][28]
- Utaicharn[27] or Utai-Chahn[28]
- Uzurao[27]
- Yakido,[27] Ygido or Hachikido[28]
- Yamato-Shamo[27][28]
Korea
editKosovo
edit- Kosova Long-crowing (also called Tringjyrshet Kosov)
Malaysia
editMariana Islands
editMyanmar
editNetherlands
edit
- Assendelfts Hoen (large and bantam)[29]
- Barnevelder (large and bantam)[29]
- Brabanter (large and bantam)[29]
- Chaamse hoenders[29]
- Drents Hoen (large and bantam)[29]
- Eikenburgerkriel (bantam)[29]
- Fries Hoen (large and bantam)[29]
- Friesian
- Groninger Meeuw (large and bantam)[29]
- Hollandse Kriel, see Dutch Bantam (bantam)[29]
- Hollandse Kuifhoen (large and bantam)[29]
- Hollands Hoen (large and bantam), see Hamburg chicken (large and bantam)[29]
- Kraaikop (large and bantam)[29]
- Lakenvelder (large and bantam)[29]
- Nederlandse Baardkuifhoen (large and bantam)[29]
- Nederlandse Sabelpootkriel, see Dutch Booted Bantam (bantam)[29]
- Nederlandse Uilebaard (large and bantam)[29]
- Noord Hollands Hoen or Noord-Hollandse Blauwe, see North Holland Blue (large and bantam)[29]
- Schijndelaar[29]
- Twents Hoen (large and bantam)[29]
- Welsummer (large and bantam)[29]
Norway
editPakistan
edit- Asil (or Aseel)[3]
- Sindhi[3]
- Misri[citation needed]
- Lyallpur Silver black[3]
Philippines
editPoland
edit- Polbar[3]
- Zielononóżka Kuropatwiana (Green-legged Partridge)[3]
- Polish chicken
Portugal
editRomania
edit
Russia
editSerbia
edit- Banat Naked-neck (Banatski gološijan)[33]
- Sombor Kaporka (Somborska kaporka)[3]
- Svrljig Black (Svrljiška kokoš)[3][34]
Slovakia
editSlovenia
edit- Styrian Hen (or Altsteirer)[35][36]
- Slovenian Barred Hen[35][37]
- Slovene Late-feathered Hen[38]
- Slovenian Brown Hen[35][37]
- Slovenian Silver Hen[35][37]
South Africa
editSpain
edit
- Andalusian, Andaluza Azul
- Cara Blanca[3]
- Castilian, Castellana Negra[3][40]
- Catalana, Catalana Del Prat or Prat Leonada
- Empordanesa[3][40]
- Euskal oiloa[3][40]
- Extremaduran, Extremeña Azul
- Indio de León[3][40]
- Gallina Mallorquina[3][40]
- Minorca, Gallina Menorquina[40]
- Murciana[3][40]
- Galiña de Mos[3][40]
- Pardo de León[3][40]
- Penedesenca
- Pedresa, Cuca, Franciscana or Cantabrian[41]
- Piñeira[42]
- Pita Pinta Asturiana
- Pitiüsa[3]
- Spanish fighter, Combatiente español[40]
- Utrerana[3][40]
- Valenciana de Chulilla[3][40]
- White-Faced Black Spanish
Sweden
editSwitzerland
edit
- Appenzeller Barthuhn,[16]
- Appenzeller Spitzhauben,[16]
- Schweizer[16]
- Zwerg-Appenzeller Barthuhn[16]
- Zwerg-Schweizer,[16]
Taiwan
editThailand
edit- Gai Chon[44]
- Gai Puen Muang[44]
- Pradu Hang Dum[44] or Pradu Hang Dam Chiangmai[45]
- Thai Game[46]: 296
Turkey
edit.jpg)
Ukraine
editUnited Kingdom
edit
- Brockbar[48]: v
- Brussbar[48]: v
- Cambar[48]: v
- Derbyshire Redcap
- Dorbar[48]: v
- Dorking
- Indian Game
- Ixworth
- Legbar[48]: v
- Marsh Daisy
- Modern Game
- Modern Langshan
- Muffed Old English Game
- Norfolk Grey
- Old English Game
- Old English Pheasant Fowl
- Orpington
- Rhodebar[48]: v
- Rosecomb
- Scots Dumpy
- Scots Grey
- Sebright
- Sussex
- Welbar[48]: v
- Wybar[48]: v
United States of America
editVietnam
editBy primary use
editAll chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.
Eggs
edit
Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.
Meat
editMost farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production. Some breeds are raised mainly for meat:
- Bresse
- Cornish (a.k.a. Indian Game)
- Ixworth
- Jersey Giant
Dual-purpose
edit
The generalist breeds used in barnyards worldwide are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.
- Australorp
- Barnevelder
- Brahma
- Braekel (Brakel)
- Buckeye
- California Gray
- Chantecler
- Cubalaya
- Derbyshire Redcap
- Dominique
- Dorking
- Faverolles
- Holland
- Iowa Blue
- Java
- Jersey Giant
- Marans
- Marsh Daisy
- Naked-neck
- New Hampshire
- Norfolk Grey
- Orpington
- Plymouth Rock
- Poltava
- Red Shaver
- Rhode Island Red
- Rhode Island White
- Sombor Kaporka (Somborska kaporka)[3]
- Scots Dumpy
- Scots Grey
- Sussex
- Winnebago
- Wyandotte
Exhibition
editSince the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit as fighting cocks.
| Key |
|---|
|
U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes. |
|
G denotes a game breed. |
- American Game G
- Asil G
- Appenzeller Barthuhn U
- Appenzeller Spitzhauben U
- Barbu de Watermael
- Belgian Bearded d'Anvers
- Bearded d'Uccle
- Belgian d'Everberg
- Blue Hen of Delaware G
- Booted Bantam
- Cochin
- Crèvecœur U
- Croad Langshan U
- Dragon Chicken U
- Dutch Bantam
- Frizzle
- Ga NoiG
- Hamburg U
- Houdan U
- Japanese Bantam
- Jangmigye
- La Flèche U
- Malay G
- Modern Game
- Nankin
- Old English Game G
- Pekin
- Phoenix
- Polish U
- Rosecomb
- Sebright
- Serama
- Shamo G
- Silkie
- Sultan
- Sumatra
- Vorwerk U
- Yokohama
Bantams
edit
Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:
Crossbreeds
editMany common strains of crossbred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards; thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, crossbreeds do not technically meet the definition of a breed. Most crossbreed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.
- Black Sex Link (also called Black Stars or Black Rock in the UK)
- Red Sex Link (also called Golden Comet)
- ISA Brown
- Kuroiler
- Lohmann Brown
- Daisy Belle
- Dekalb Amberlink
- Columbian Rock
- Easter egger
- Broiler
See also
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chicken breeds.
Footnotes
edit- ^ Czech language names Czech gold brindle chicken include Česká slepice zlatě kropenatá, Česká zlatá kropenka, and Češka.[9][10]
- ^ The original breed of bantam chicken is ancestor to all "bantam" breeds. It originated in Indonesia and there is called Ayam Kate.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Ekarius, Carol (2007). Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds (complete ed.). North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing. ISBN 9781580176675.
- ^ a b Heinrichs, Christine (2007). How to Raise Chickens. St. Paul, MN: Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7938-0601-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em "Domestic Animal Diversity Information System". Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Rousseau, Jaak. "Grandes volailles". Large poultry breeds. telenet.be. Association pour la Promotion des Animaux de Basse-cour Belges (in French). Archived from the original on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Rousseau, Jaak. "Volailles naines". Dwarf poultry breeds. telenet.be. Association pour la Promotion des Animaux de Basse-cour Belges (in French). Archived from the original on 2018-09-23. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ Breed data sheet: China: Chicken. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2025.
- ^ Croatia Country Report (PDF). rfp-europe.org (Report). European RFP. 2009.
- ^ "Međimurska kokoš". Poultry. agroportal.hr. 4 March 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ a b Gardianova (PDF). EAAP Annual Meeting. eaap.org. Papers. Vol. 01. Barcelona, ES. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-25. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
- ^ a b c "Czech chicken breeds". ceske-slepice.eu. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Biodiversity in the Czech Republic". Animal genetic resources. Enrin.grida.no. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nikkonen, Terhi (14 June 2011). Finnish AnGR conservation programme: What and how? (PDF). MTT Agrifood Research Finland. Workshop 14 June 2011. documents.plant.wur.nl. Seminars. Retrieved 1 January 2012 – via Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, NL.
- ^ "Finnish National Animal Genetic Resources Program". Each country's efforts / Nordic conservation. Nordgen.org. InnehĂĽll / Farm Animals. Nordic Genetic Resource Center. Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao "French fowl". pagesperso-orange.fr. Fédération française des volailles. Volaille Poultry. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Hühner 2011". Chickens 2011. Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter (in German). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd "Listing of European poultry breeds and colours [for] 2013". entente-ee.com (in German). Archived from the original on 2013-06-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au "Zwerghühner 2011". Dwarf chickens 2011. bdrg.de (media archive). Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter (in German). Archived from the original on 2016-03-21. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Alonissos island chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
local name 'double-yolk chicken'
- ^ "Chios fighting chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
local name 'Nysiriotiko'
- ^ "Follidotes chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
- ^ "Kalamata chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
- ^ "Pomak fighting chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
- ^ "Lesvos Fillianes chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
- ^ "Trikala chicken". Arca-Net.info. Breed Atlas. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
local name Gyftokokoras ("gypsy chicken")
- ^ Percy, Pam (2006). The Field Guide to Chickens. St. Paul, MN: Voyageur Press. ISBN 0-7603-2473-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Atlante delle razze * di polli" [Atlas of chicken breeds]. agraria.org (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Masaoki Tsudzuki (2003). Japanese native chickens. In: Hsiu-Luan Chang, Yu-chia Huang (editors) (2003). The Relationship between Indigenous Animals and Humans in APEC Region. Taipei: Chinese Society of Animal Science. Pages 91-116.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Editorial Committee Office of the Japanese Country Report, Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan] ([n.d.]). Country Report (For FAO State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources Process); annex to: Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (editors) (2007). The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed August 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Hoenders en dwerghoenders". Chickens and dwarf chickens. Nederlandse Bond van Hoender, Dwerghoender, Sier- en Watervogelhouders (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2007-07-17. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e "Chicken breeds reported by Philippines". dad.fao.org. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Bejar, Feleciano R.; Baylon, Manuel J.; Fabillar, Jaime B.; Mante, Lagrito Ebert B.; Ultra, Arturo A.; Aquino, Reynaldo R.; Bejar, Elvie T. (2012). Management Practices and Morphological Characterization of Indigenous (Native) Chickens in Samar Province. searca.org (Report). Agriculture & Development Discussion Paper. Vol. 2012–3. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2014-06-15.
- ^ a b c d "Aves" [Birds]. amiba.com.pt. Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2012-01-21. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Banatski gološijan standard" (in Serbian). Sremska Mitrovica: Udruzenje za zastitu i odgoj sitnih zivotinja [Association for the protection and upbringing of small animals]. Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ "Svrljig Kokos". agrobiodiversity.net. Balkan Network for Agrobiodiversity (in Bosnian). Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d Slovenske avtohtone in tradicionalne pasme domačih živali [Slovenian native and traditional breeds of farm animals] (PDF). genska-banka.si (Report). Oddelek za zootehniko, UL BF (in Slovenian). 2014. Retrieved 22 Oct 2021.
- ^ Holcman, Antonija (19 July 2021). "Styrian chickens". Poultry breeds / Breeds of Livestock. afs.okstate.edu. Department of Animal Science. Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
- ^ a b c Strelec, Alenka; Terčič, Dušan; Malovrh, Špela; Holcman, Antonija (2009). "Prireja in fizikalne lastnosti jajc slovenskih tradicionalnih pasem kokoši lahkega tipa" [Preparation and physical properties of eggs of Slovenian traditional breeds of light-type hens]. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica (in Slovenian). 1: 5–12.
- ^ Kobold, Primož (2017). "Primerjava proizvodnosti piščancev ross 308 in slovensko pozno operjene kokoši v pogojih ekološke reje" [Comparison of productivity of Ross 308 chickens vs. Slovenian late-plucked hens under organic farming conditions]. dk.um.si (in Slovenian). Maribor, SL: University of Maribor. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
- ^ a b c "The indigenous poultry breeds of South Africa". Agricultural Research Council. Pretoria, ZA: Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Catálogo oficial de razas de ganado de España" [Official catalog of Spain's livestock breeds]. Ganaderia [livestock] (in Spanish). Madrid, ES: Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022.
- ^ "Asociacion Cántabra ..." (main page). Asociacion Cántabra para la Conservación y Fomento de la Gallina Pedresa.
- ^ "Galo Hen - Arca del Gusto". Slow Food Foundation. Retrieved 2025-03-21.
- ^ "Taiwanese Shamo". United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (chicken) (breed data sheet). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ a b c "Chicken". Breeds reported by Thailand. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Pradu Hang Dam Chiangmai" ไก่ประดู่หางดำเชียงใหม่ [Chiang Mai black-tailed Pradu chicken]. Chicken breed. Poultry Research and Development Section (in Thai). Thailand: Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Genetic Improvement, Department of Livestock Development. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
- ^ Roberts, Victoria (2008). British Poultry Standards. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. ISBN 9781405156424.
Complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.
- ^ "Denizli rooster". Kultur.Gov.Tr. Department of Culture and Tourism. Republic of Turkey. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h J. Ian H. Allonby, Philippe B. Wilson (editors) (2018). British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain, seventh edition. Chichester; Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 9781119509141.